Governmental Accounting
sara razani; Seyed Ali Hosseini; Azadeh Maddahi
Abstract
In our country, due to the nascent nature of internal audit units and the lack of national internal audit standards in relation to the internal audit implementation procedure, there is a significant lack of agreement among professionals regarding the maturity of internal audit services. In this regard, ...
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In our country, due to the nascent nature of internal audit units and the lack of national internal audit standards in relation to the internal audit implementation procedure, there is a significant lack of agreement among professionals regarding the maturity of internal audit services. In this regard, the main problem of the current research is to present the maturity model of internal audit in the public sector of the oil industry.The method used in this research is field and factor analysis in a combined way. The statistical population includes people active in the auditing profession and the statistical sample was 146 people using Cochran's formula. At first, the variables of the research were identified by using the multifaceted ground theory method, using interviews and searching in the research done in the past. And by using the Laushe index, the influencing factors were finalized and finally, by using factor analysis, the questions were analyzed.The results obtained from the research showed that the services provided by internal auditors, factors related to human resource management, factors related to the necessity of the existence of programs and policies of professional audit performance, accountability and performance management, organizational culture and communication, governance structure, Reporting and organizational position of internal audit, outsourcing of internal audit services, identifying the main stakeholders inside and outside the organization, describing and developing the effectiveness of internal audit, monitoring and reporting the results have an impact on the maturity of internal audit in the oil industry.
Governmental Accounting
Nashmin Lotfiju; Banimahd Bahman; Hashem Nikoomaram; Hamidreza Vakilifard
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of narcissism among audit partners in the public and private sectors of the auditing profession in Iran.Research Method: According to its nature, the present research is an applied research. The statistical ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of narcissism among audit partners in the public and private sectors of the auditing profession in Iran.Research Method: According to its nature, the present research is an applied research. The statistical population of this research includes the managers and audit partners working in the audit organization and institutions of the Certified Public Accountants Society of Iran. The number of them in this study was 379. The hypothesis test is based on the method of comparing the average of two independent samples using the t test.Research Findings: The average narcissism of public sector auditors is higher than the private sector, and the narcissism of male and female public sector auditors is higher than that of male and female private sector auditors, respectively. Men are more narcissistic compared to women.Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: The results of this research can provide useful information to the policy makers of the auditing profession and inform the legislators of the auditing profession about the impact of the environment on the personality and judgment of auditors, as a result of this knowledge, it can lead to the formulation of new guidelines to monitor performance of auditors
tayebeh jamshidi; Gholamreza Soleimani Amiri
Abstract
The question that is raised today in the field of implementation of operational budgeting is "What requirements and needs should be considered in order to fully and properly implement operational budgeting by government organizations?" This research seeks to identify a model to explain the key and effective ...
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The question that is raised today in the field of implementation of operational budgeting is "What requirements and needs should be considered in order to fully and properly implement operational budgeting by government organizations?" This research seeks to identify a model to explain the key and effective factors of operational budgeting in the public sector, and the key factors extracted to identify a suitable model through Delphi research are submitted to experts and after obtaining consensus as the ideal model of the budget system. Operational planning should be introduced.This research has a qualitative approach and multi-grounded theory method was used as a research method. The method of data collection, library studies and in-depth and open interviews with 15 experienced university professors and activists and managers of public sector organizations through targeted sampling is discussed until the saturation point is reached. The validity of the research was confirmed by the interviewees and experts. Reliability was also obtained using the retest method of 91%. To analyze the data, the continuous comparison method was used during three stages of open, central and selective coding. Data analysis showed that political, functional, and organizational factors as causal factors; Organizational ability, organizations and organs, management, as categories; Systemic, human, structural, national factors as background factors; organizational, process, economic factors, as intervening factors; Technical and society factors were identified as organizational and national strategies and consequences as the consequences of effective factors in operational budgeting in the public sector.
Hossein Nourani; Ismail Akhlaqi Yazdi Nejad
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: The main goal of this research is to provide a model to solve the challenges and bottlenecks of accounting standards of the public sector by using Grand theory. Research Method: The statistical population of the research includes the members of accounting faculty of ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: The main goal of this research is to provide a model to solve the challenges and bottlenecks of accounting standards of the public sector by using Grand theory. Research Method: The statistical population of the research includes the members of accounting faculty of universities, financial managers and accountants of executive bodies, official accountants and working auditors, and personnel of the State Court of Accounts and the General Inspection Organization. Sampling has been done with the available method, starting with the snowball method. Data saturation was achieved in 18 interviews.Research Findings: The findings of the research indicate that the influencing factors in thirteen dimensions, including legal challenges and limitations, administrative and operational processes, accountability, organizational efficiency and productivity, manpower training, organizational challenges, consolidated financial statements in the government, human resources, political, strategy organization, acceptance of international standards, users' decision-making and managerial barriers, and experts agree on the factors proposed by this research to design and explain the model of providing a model for solving the challenges and bottlenecks of the accounting standards of the public sector of Iran. Conclusion, originality and Contribution to knowledge: The results of the research can be used in strategic financial reporting decisions to increase the efficiency of the capital market and remove some of the barriers to foreign investment, formulate financial reporting standards, facilitate the implementation of accounting and other reporting standards.
Governmental Accounting
Bita Mashayekhi; Milad Samavat; Amin Jahangard
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: The main objective of this research paper is to identify the most frequent and influential topics in the "internal audit in the public sector" literature. We also identify the most influential articles, journals, authors, and countries and provide the co-occurrence ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: The main objective of this research paper is to identify the most frequent and influential topics in the "internal audit in the public sector" literature. We also identify the most influential articles, journals, authors, and countries and provide the co-occurrence network of authors, institutions, and countries. Research Method: We applied a bibliometrics approach to assessing 141 research papers on "internal audit in the public sector" from 1993 to 2023 that we obtained from the Scopus database. We did so by using a bibliometric analysis via the R’s bibliometrix package.Research Findings: Our findings indicate that there is an increasing trend in the number of research studies on the "internal audit in the public sector" line of research. Although we document that concepts such as Corporate Governance, Internal Audit Effectiveness, Internal Controls, Accountability, Audit Committee, and Risk Management are among the most frequent keywords in this line of research that form the conceptual map of this research topic, this line of research is still under-developed and needs to be further researched. Conclusion, Originality and Its Contribution to the Knowledge: We contribute to the existing literature on the "internal audit in the public sector" by providing the conceptual map of prior studies through a bibliometric analysis. We also guide future research on this topic by identifying the underdeveloped areas of research in this line of research
Governmental Accounting
farzad keshavarz; Bahram Barzegar; Mostafa Ghasemi
Abstract
The main goal of this research was to design a model to improve supervision in order to empower and maintain preventive audit.An induction-based qualitative approach was adopted, and in terms of the goal, it is a basic research. The statistical population of this research is 18 experts in the field of ...
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The main goal of this research was to design a model to improve supervision in order to empower and maintain preventive audit.An induction-based qualitative approach was adopted, and in terms of the goal, it is a basic research. The statistical population of this research is 18 experts in the field of auditing. Data analysis was done in three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding using MAXQDA software. After a detailed analysis of interviews, research findings led to identification of 92 extracted concepts from 18 main categories. Then the categories were established based on the six dimensions of the paradigmatic model categories (causal conditions, central phenomenon, contextual factors, intervening factors, policies and consequences) and the final research model was obtained. The paradigm model of research in causal conditions includes 1-regulatory situation, 2-executive recommendations, and 3-specialized conditions; Categories in central phenomenon section include 1-legal bottlenecks, 2-structural bottlenecks and 3-environmental bottlenecks; The categories in contextual conditions section include 1- organizational planning, 2-creating institutional platforms and 3-the need to pay attention to legal requirements; The categories in intervening conditions section include 1-regulatory measures, 2-empowerment and 3-the need to pay attention to human factors; The categories in the policy section include 1-financial supervision, 2-creation of suitable legal platforms and 3-formulation of organizational policies. It is expected that with the implementation of these policies, consequences such as supervisory, financial and environmental effectiveness will be achieved in the public sector regulatory environment.
Governmental Accounting
Sedighe Azizi; Hossein Jokar
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: ,the main purpose of this study is to identify the components of external organizational intervention on the accounting information system in decision making of public sector managers based on the ORESTE technique.Research Method: The present study was conducted using ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: ,the main purpose of this study is to identify the components of external organizational intervention on the accounting information system in decision making of public sector managers based on the ORESTE technique.Research Method: The present study was conducted using a mixed research method in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section is the faculty members of universities and executive directors and employees of the public sector and in the quantitative section is 76 stakeholders in the areas of financial reporting supply chain.Research Findings: In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the questions for the interview were designed and finally 10 categories of accounting information system, cultural factors, political factors, economic factors, increasing responsiveness, legal factors, training of specialized and knowledgeable manpower, infrastructure and Technology, environmental conditions and investors and sub-components related to each factor based on grounded theory approach have been identified as external factors affecting the accounting information system in the decision-making of public sector managers. Then, the identified indicators are placed in the form of a questionnaire and are ranked using the ORESTE technique. The results showed that the indicators of economic instability, economic fluctuations and changes in the country, macroeconomic indicators and the index of eliminating the weaknesses of the accounting and financial reporting system have the highest ranking among the indicators, respectively.
Mohammadreza Mehrabanpour; Hosein Alipour Landi
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: The purpose of this study is to presentation of performance auditing model in Iranian public sector organizations.In the present study, an attempt has been made to go beyond the components of performance auditing, including economic efficiency, efficiency and effectiveness, ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: The purpose of this study is to presentation of performance auditing model in Iranian public sector organizations.In the present study, an attempt has been made to go beyond the components of performance auditing, including economic efficiency, efficiency and effectiveness, and to explain and quantify them, and to examine the principle of performance auditing along with the requirements and factors involved in its implementation. The auditors achieved performance audits.Research Method: The present study is based on mixed approach and practical type with adopting a descriptive-survey research. Model dimensions, components and indicators identified with use of panel expert interview, questionnaire and fuzzy triangular Delphi.Research Findings: Results indicate that the model dimensions include: inefficiencies and dysfunctions of responsibility, nature of public sector environment and characteristics of service products, perceived usefulness, potential role conflicts, unintended consequences and critiques of performance auditing.Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: The need to pay attention to various dimensions affecting on performance auditing with respecting to environmental and inscribed factors and reviewing the conditions of the Iranian public sector can be basis for its effective implementation.
mohsen Borzoozadeh Zavareh; Mohammad Moradi; abbas Nargesian
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: General Treasury Administration is one of the key units that can increase the efficiency of government financial management. The purpose of this study is to design a framework for improving the financial management of the General Treasury Administration in Iran.Research ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: General Treasury Administration is one of the key units that can increase the efficiency of government financial management. The purpose of this study is to design a framework for improving the financial management of the General Treasury Administration in Iran.Research Method: This study has adopted the qualitative approach and the required data have been collected trough library research and field study. First, the academic literature and regulations are collected and analyzed, and then, the opinions of a focus group on the analysis are synthesized. The theme analysis method has been used to analyze the data.Research Findings: After analyzing the data, 94 initial codes were identified for improving the current situation of the General Treasury Administration's financial management, 50 codes in the rules and regulations section and 44 codes in the processes section. These codes were eventually categorized into six dimensions: budget management (12 codes), public resource management (11 codes), bank account management (13 codes), cost management (14 codes), accounting management, and finance reporting (11 codes), audit management and financial supervision (17 codes).Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: The General Treasury Administration has a key role in improving the financial management of the government in the public sector. The proposed framework of this research is the first tool for improving the current state and can help policy-makers in this center.
Mehrdad Jabary; Abbas pooraghajan; mohammad mehdi abbasian
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: According to the users of financial reporting of financial statements in the public sector and their information needs, the present study has examined the generalizability of the three main parts of the cash flow statement in the private sector to the reporting units ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: According to the users of financial reporting of financial statements in the public sector and their information needs, the present study has examined the generalizability of the three main parts of the cash flow statement in the private sector to the reporting units of the public sector.Research Method: The statistical population of this study was financial controllers of executive agencies and their deputies and university professors who were selected by regular sampling of the relevant sample. Data were collected through a library study and field surveys, through a questionnaire in the form of 17 questions (items), data related to the three research hypotheses and the research hypotheses were tested using statistical tests.Research Findings: The results show that from the respondents' point of view, the three main categories (operational sector, investment and financing) of the private sector cash flow statement can also be used and generalized for public sector reporting units.Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: According to the results, the main classes of cash flow statements according to national standards can be generalized to public sector reporting units, which can be used by the competent authorities in developing the relevant standard in the public sector.
Jafar babajani; javad dostjabbaryan
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: The audit system is one of the active subsystems in the accountability system that plays an important role in evaluation of public sector institutions. As part of the comprehensive audit system, performance audit uses novel methods to evaluate performance, effectiveness, ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: The audit system is one of the active subsystems in the accountability system that plays an important role in evaluation of public sector institutions. As part of the comprehensive audit system, performance audit uses novel methods to evaluate performance, effectiveness, and economic gain of public and practical financial sources of executive systems in order to prove effective in evaluation of different types and levels of public accountability. Realization of this requires presence of the factors affecting establishment of this audit system, which has been identified in another study. Research Method: In this work, the current status of the factors affecting establishment of performance audit system has been evaluated using the Triple Branch Model. 100 members of the Court of Auditors, auditors and experts of Ministry of Economy and Finance, senior managers and supervisors of operational audit of the Audit Office and presidents of Internal Audit Group of Tehran Municipality took part in the study. Research Findings: Results of testing the study’s questions conducted by reputable statistical methods reveal that in current conditions none of the structural, behavioral, and contextual factors are suitable for establishing the performance audit system. Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: The results from this study suggest that the current status of none of factors affecting the installation of performance auditing system are currently suitable for establishing this system. Therefore, special attention must be paid to improving these factors to establish the performance auditing system in the country.
ali mohammdi; Heydar Mohammadzadeh Salteh; zahra dianati dalami; Yaqoub Aghdam Mazraeh
Abstract
Subject and Purpose of the Article: The purpose of this study is to achieve a desirable model of public sector financial reporting quality using the grounded theory approach. Research Method: This is a qualitative and purposeful exploratory study whose data were collected through interviews with 27 experts ...
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Subject and Purpose of the Article: The purpose of this study is to achieve a desirable model of public sector financial reporting quality using the grounded theory approach. Research Method: This is a qualitative and purposeful exploratory study whose data were collected through interviews with 27 experts selected by the snowball method in 2019. Research Findings: It shows that the quality of public sector financial reporting in Iran is not favorable. Empowerment of devices, managerial decisions, as a causal condition and budgeting system, behavioral factors, as underlying factors and resistance economy, financial stability, organizational cohesion, were identified as intervening conditions in this study. And the consequences lead to improving the efficiency and performance of public institutions, saving the country's costs, increasing the level of citizenship requirements. Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge: According to the findings of the present study, the public sector of the country can move towards improving the quality of public sector financial reporting by careful planning and eliminating the existing weaknesses of financial reporting.
ghareibeh esmailikia; shima alibeigi
Abstract
Financial employees as an integral part of public sector accounting and reporting system, play a pivotal role in successful implementation of accounting reforms. Since the characteristics of employees has effects on their judgment and perception, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect ...
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Financial employees as an integral part of public sector accounting and reporting system, play a pivotal role in successful implementation of accounting reforms. Since the characteristics of employees has effects on their judgment and perception, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of employees' experience in the private sector on the judgment and decision making in public sector accrual accounting and their perception of its implementation.This study is Mixed method research type (qualitative–quantitative) that was conducted by interviewing and using a questionnaire. In the qualitative section, by using purposeful sampling method 5 experts was identified and, interviews were conducted by using semi-structured questionnaires. Also in quantitative section by using purposeful sampling method from its statistical population that was all financial and accounting emlpoyees of medical sciences universities of 4 western cities , sample consisting of 40 people determined and questionnaire distributed between them. The findings of the qualitative section emphasize the effect of better perception of managers and employees of information provided in accrual accounting on their judgment and decision making, enhancement of employees perception due to better perception of managers and the impact of accruals experience in the private sector on employee perceptions of implementation of Accrual accounting in public sector. Quantitative results showed that employees with experience in employing accruals accounting in the private sector prefer accrual accounting more than non-experienced. and employees with experience in employing accruals accounting in the private sector face less problems in employing accrual accounting.
Gholamreza kordestani; Nezamodin Rahimian; Sharokh Shahrabi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2014, , Pages 9-22
Abstract
The vast experiences of areas and countries about changing the accounting basis in the public sector have showed that management of transition process is very complicated. Frequently, choosing the best path or approach of transition is mentioned as a most important technical aspect that will influence ...
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The vast experiences of areas and countries about changing the accounting basis in the public sector have showed that management of transition process is very complicated. Frequently, choosing the best path or approach of transition is mentioned as a most important technical aspect that will influence the success of transition. In this survey, collected data with questionnaire examined for determination of choosing transition path impact on successful transition process and using the gap analysis tool impact on choosing the best transition path to accrual accounting in the public sector of Iran. The Cronbach’s Alpha for designed questionnaire has been determined 91.2 percent and volume of sample was 182 numbers. Data examined with two statistical examinations: T test and Binominal test. Result of both examinations showed acceptance of hypothesizes. Thereupon, findings showed that choosing transition path has an important impact on transition to accrual basis from cash basis. In addition, using gap analysis tool can help to successful transition with doing a comparison among current situation and desired situation. Finally, data analyzing showed that although using gap analysis tool is very useful for choosing a suitable path, step by step implementation is the best approach for transition cash basis to accrual basis of accounting in the public sector of Iran.
